Natural History and Flash Repertoire of the Synchronous FireflyPhotinus carolinus(Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park

The synchronous firefly Photinus carolinus in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park exhibits complex mating behaviors and flash signal variations. This study reveals that polyandrous females remate multiple times during their 3-week lifespan, using distinct receptive doublet flashes while stationary but also rhythmic flashing when walking. Males increase the number of flashes per train after females emerge, displaying pseudo-female flashes and group chaos flashing in mating clusters. Observations over 18 years highlight male guarding behaviors, prolonged copulation, and challenges from predators and phorid infestations. The research provides critical insights into the natural history and mating strategies of P. carolinus, contributing to understanding its adaptation in changing habitats.

Faust, L. F. (2010). Natural History and Flash Repertoire of the Synchronous FireflyPhotinus carolinus(Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Florida Entomologist, 93(2), 208–217. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.093.0210