The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine

Archaeological evidence from hundreds of sites in Palestine and Jordan reveals that the Byzantine-Islamic transition (6th–11th centuries) was a gradual, complex process rather than a rapid shift triggered by Arab conquest. Settlement patterns and material culture remained stable despite Islamic rule, with Christianity persisting as late as the 11th century. The study highlights regional variability—ranging from urban centers to nomadic fringe settlements—and challenges traditional narratives of swift religious transformation.

Avni, G. (2014). The Byzantine-Islamic Transition in Palestine. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684335.001.0001