Energy Consumption of the Urban Transport Fleet in UNESCO World Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Ávila (Spain)

A mathematical model has been developed to optimize the energy efficiency of urban transport fleets, particularly in UNESCO World Heritage Sites where full fleet replacement may not be feasible. Applied to Ávila's 6 urban transport (UT) lines, this model prioritizes partial fleet renewal by identifying routes with the greatest potential for energy savings through regenerative braking systems. The approach ensures economic resource optimization and simplifies route planning for passenger transport. This study provides a practical tool for balancing sustainability goals with operational constraints in heritage-sensitive urban settings.

Santos-Iglesia, C., Fernández-Arias, P., Antón-Sancho, Á., & Vergara, D. (2022). Energy Consumption of the Urban Transport Fleet in UNESCO World Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Ávila (Spain). Sustainability, 14(9), 5641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095641