Ongoing multiparameter unrest at the Montagne Pelée volcano on Martinique from 2019 to 2024

Mont Pelée volcano on Martinique exhibited prolonged multiparameter unrest from 2019 to 2024, offering rare insight into pre-eruptive activity. The study revealed a likely reinvigoration of shallow hydrothermal circulation due to deep magmatic fluid ascent, evidenced by increased shallow volcano-tectonic earthquakes (exceeding the baseline rate), harmonic tremor, and minor horizontal deformation detected via satellite data. Elevated passive CO₂ soil degassing correlated with zones of degraded vegetation on upper flanks, further supporting this interpretation. The research combined seismic monitoring, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data modeling, and satellite imagery to characterize the unrest's origin and evolution.

Fontaine, F. R., Komorowski, J.-C., Corbeau, J., Burtin, A., de Chabalier, J.-B., Grandin, R., Saurel, J. M., Agrinier, P., Moune, S., Jadelus, F., Melezan, D., Gabriel, J.-G., Vidal, C., Zimmermann, B., Vaton, D., Koziol, J., Lavenaire, J. M., Moretti, R., Lemarchand, A., et al. (2025). Ongoing multiparameter unrest at the Montagne Pelée volcano on Martinique from 2019 to 2024. Scientific Reports, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05641-6