Following the Star : Nativity Scenes and Sacred Drama from the Middle Ages to the Baroque

Nativity scenes, originating from medieval Christian pilgrimages to Bethlehem and symbolized by the first sculptural depiction in Rome's Santa Maria Maggiore Cathedral (late 13th century), evolved into a genre blending liturgical function with artistic expression. This study traces their development through Renaissance and Baroque eras, highlighting key works like Arnolfo di Cambio’s group, Giotto’s fresco of Saint Francis’ Miracle of Greccio, and Caravaggio’s novel interpretations. It also explores the integration of mystery play elements, such as shepherds, into nativity scenes to embody the miracle for believers. The study underscores the cultural significance of these scenes in Hungary during the 17th century, including the medieval Adoration of the Shepherds group by Pál Lőcsei (now in Levoča) and contributions from immigrant artists like Georg Schweitzer and Franz Anton Maulbertsch. The research synthesizes historical sources, liturgical practices, and artistic evolution to illustrate the enduring symbolism and adaptability of nativity scenes across centuries.

Veress, F. (2021). Following the Star : Nativity Scenes and Sacred Drama from the Middle Ages to the Baroque. Uránia, 1(1), 58–77. https://doi.org/10.56044/ua.2021.1.4.eng