Occurrence of and countermeasure against Tidal wave in Joseon Dynasty

Tidal waves, including storm surges and tsunamis, significantly impacted the Joseon Dynasty (1392–1910), particularly along Korea's southwest coastline, with peak occurrences during the rainy season (June–September). While storm surges had identifiable causes like typhoons and high tides, tidal waves were often attributed to divine punishment due to unclear mechanisms. These events caused widespread devastation—drowning victims, destroyed salt pans, flooded farmlands leading to salinity accumulation, starvation, and mass displacement—disrupting tax collection and economic stability. The Joseon government responded with relief efforts, tax exemptions for displaced populations, and long-term real-estate taxation of affected lands. Despite modern advancements, coastal regions like Gyeongju remain vulnerable to tsunamis, highlighting the need for improved preventive measures. This study synthesizes historical records to analyze tidal wave patterns, societal responses, and their lasting consequences.

Lee, S.-K. (2019). Occurrence of and countermeasure against Tidal wave in Joseon Dynasty. The Journal of Korean History, 185, 1–38. https://doi.org/10.31791/jkh.2019.06.185.1