Volcanic tremor associated with the Surtsey eruption of 1963–1967

The Surtsey eruption (1963–1967) revealed a complex relationship between volcanic tremor and magma flow, challenging conventional assumptions. Despite high magma discharge rates during initial explosive phases, seismic tremor was minimal, while later stages with reduced output exhibited significant tremor. Harmonic and spasmodic tremor frequencies varied from low (>3 Hz) to higher (3–5 Hz), with no clear link between tremor patterns and eruption style on short timescales. This study analyzed archival seismic data from two distant stations, demonstrating that even with limited modern monitoring, volcanic processes can be inferred through detailed seismogram analysis.

Sayyadi, S., Gudmundsson, M. T., & Einarsson, P. (2022). Volcanic tremor associated with the Surtsey eruption of 1963–1967. Jökull, 72(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.33799/jokull2022.72.021