Metal Products of the Alekseyevka-Sargary Culture from the Middle and Upper Tobol Areas

Research on metal products from the Alekseyevka-Sargary culture in Northern Kazakhstan reveals significant advancements in metallurgical techniques, including the use of sulphide ores and innovative smelting methods. The study identified a shift in metal production centers from the South Trans-Urals to Central and Eastern Kazakhstan, possibly extending to Xinjiang, China. Tools analyzed, such as daggers, spearheads, and chisels, exhibited heterogeneity in chemical composition, predominantly low-alloyed bronzes like Cu–Sn, Cu–Sn–As, and Cu–As, with traces of pure copper and complex alloys. The findings suggest experimentation with raw materials and the adoption of new metallurgical processes, marking a technological shift in the region's Bronze Age cultures.

Degtyareva, A. D., Vinogradov, N. B., Kuzminykh, S. V., & Rassomakhin, M. A. (2019). METAL PRODUCTS OF THE ALEKSEYEVKA-SARGARY CULTURE FROM THE MIDDLE AND UPPER TOBOL AREAS. Vestnik Arheologii, Antropologii I Etnografii, (4(47)), 28–44. https://doi.org/10.20874/2071-0437-2019-47-4-3