The sorrow and suffering of the Byeongja War appeared in the poetry of Kim Sang-heon and Choi Myeong-gil

Poetry by Kim Sang-heon and Choi Myeong-gil, retainers of Namhansanseong Fortress, reflects the enduring psychological scars of the Byeongja War (1636–1640). Their works reveal divergent perspectives: Kim's bitterness toward Qing dominance and unyielding loyalty to the fallen Ming dynasty, while Choi's verses express grief for lost comrades and the Crown Prince Sohyeon, alongside hope for Joseon's revival. The study analyzes their Chinese poems to uncover shared trauma and contrasting ideologies—Kim's defiance against surrender and Choi's emphasis on fidelity—highlighting how personal and national suffering shaped post-war narratives.

Kang, J.-h. (2023). The sorrow and suffering of the Byeongja War appeared in the poetry of Kim Sang-heon and Choi Myeong-gil. Daedong Hanmun Association, 77, 5–32. https://doi.org/10.21794/ddhm.2023.77.5