Multi-risk assessment in a historical city

A multi-risk assessment of seismic and flood hazards in Florence's historic center reveals that urban development has significantly reshaped risk components. The study estimates an annual multi-risk of 3.15 million euros for the current situation, which could be reduced to 1.55 million euros through local mitigation measures such as floodproofing and steel tie rods installation. This research introduces a unified methodology incorporating multi-risk correlation and joint probability analysis, providing insights into how historical evolution has influenced vulnerability in urban contexts. The approach, validated against ex-post damage claims, offers a framework applicable to other historical cities.

Arrighi, C., Tanganelli, M., Cristofaro, M. T., Cardinali, V., Marra, A., Castelli, F., & De Stefano, M. (2022). Multi-risk assessment in a historical city. Natural Hazards, 119(2), 1041–1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05125-6