Nonlinear effects of group size on collective action and resource outcomes

A nonlinear relationship between group size and collective action, particularly forest monitoring, has been identified, with intermediate-sized groups (neither too small nor too large) demonstrating the highest levels of cooperation and leading to the greatest gains in forest cover. This finding challenges previous assumptions about group dynamics and suggests that both direct and indirect effects of group size influence outcomes. The study analyzed data from Wolong Nature Reserve since 1995, controlling for confounding factors. It proposes strategies to enhance collective action and resource management, such as punishing free-riding behavior, improving enforcement and social capital, and facilitating self-selection during group formation. These insights offer practical guidance for the governance of common-pool resources, including those in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like the Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries.

Yang, W., Liu, W., Viña, A., Tuanmu, M.-N., He, G., Dietz, T., & Liu, J. (2013). Nonlinear effects of group size on collective action and resource outcomes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(27), 10916–10921. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1301733110