Underground Mosques of Mangistau: Continuity of Sufi Path of Islam

Underground mosques in Mangystau, Kazakhstan, represent a unique blend of Sufi spiritual practice and architectural innovation, serving as vital religious and cultural hubs. These structures, often associated with dervish lodges (khanakas), integrate Islamic principles with local folklore, reflecting the region's rich heritage. Unlike traditional aboveground mosques, these subterranean spaces were built for practical reasons—such as protection or secrecy—and continue to function similarly today. The study highlights their historical and spiritual significance, drawing parallels with similar sites in Spain, Turkey, Jordan, and Crimea. By analyzing medieval underground mosques and modern khanakas, the research underscores Mangystau's role as a cultural landscape preserving Sufi traditions through architecture.

Söylemez, O., Nurdauletova, B., & Ateş, Ö. F. (2024). UNDERGROUND MOSQUES OF MANGISTAU: CONTINUITY OF SUFI PATH OF ISLAM. Türk Kültürü Ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi, (111), 285–302. https://doi.org/10.60163/tkhcbva.1495868