The Archaeology of Hatra, the Sacred City

Hatra, an ancient city in northern Mesopotamia, stands as a testament to its resilience against Roman imperial forces. Despite being allied with the Parthian Empire, Hatra withstood sieges led by emperors Trajan and Septimius Severus before its political decline at the hands of Sassanid ruler Shapur I in 240/1 CE. The city's final demise occurred under Shapur II in the early fourth century CE. This study delves into Hatra's archaeology, history, architecture, sculpture, excavation, and restoration, providing a comprehensive analysis of its enduring legacy and strategic significance.

Al-Salihi, W. (2023). The Archaeology of Hatra, the Sacred City. https://doi.org/10.31826/9781463245481