Landscape genetics reveals inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks in the extremely rare short-globose cacti Mammillaria pectinifera (Cactaceae) as a result of habitat fragmentation

Landscape genetics analysis of the critically endangered cactus Mammillaria pectinifera reveals significant genetic bottlenecks and inbreeding, primarily driven by habitat fragmentation in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Valley. Despite high overall genetic diversity, the study identifies heterozygote deficiency (FIS) and reduced population sizes, indicating severe threats to survival. Historical gene flow through pollen and seed dispersal has maintained connectivity, but current disturbances—such as deforestation—are isolating populations and disrupting natural habitats. The species' slow growth rates and long life cycles further exacerbate vulnerability. To mitigate extinction risks, the researchers advocate for in situ conservation within protected areas like the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve, alongside long-term ex situ strategies, including seed banking and habitat restoration protocols. Establishing a sustainable supply of living plants for trade is also critical to prevent further wild extraction.

Maya-García, R., Arizaga, S., Cuevas-Reyes, P., Peñaloza-Ramírez, J. M., Ramírez, V. R., & Oyama, K. (2017). Landscape genetics reveals inbreeding and genetic bottlenecks in the extremely rare short-globose cacti Mammillaria pectinifera (Cactaceae) as a result of habitat fragmentation. Plant Diversity, 39(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2016.09.005