Evidence from Liao dynasty tombs: an empirical analysis of song greenish-white porcelain trade

A groundbreaking analysis of greenish-white porcelain fragments from Liao Dynasty tombs in Liaoning, China, provides compelling evidence linking these ceramics to the Hutian Kiln in Jingdezhen. Using advanced techniques like energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), researchers identified a high-silica, low-alumina composition typical of southern Chinese kilns, along with calcium-based glazes rich in MnO and P2O5—signatures of Northern Song Hutian ware. Trace and rare earth element patterns further confirmed the Jingdezhen provenance. The study suggests these ceramics were traded via maritime routes, highlighting the mid-to-late Liao period's vibrant economic and cultural exchanges between northern and southern China.

Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Bai, Y., Jiang, Y., & Yu, Y. (2026). Evidence from Liao dynasty tombs: an empirical analysis of song greenish-white porcelain trade. Npj Heritage Science, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s40494-026-02328-7