Intersecting squares: applied geometry in the architecture of Timurid Samarkand

A groundbreaking analysis reveals that the intricate Square Kufic inscriptions adorning Timurid architecture, particularly in Samarkand’s Bibi Khanum mosque, can be systematically understood as collections of adjacent and overlapping squares. Among these, the 'Double Square' scheme—where two squares intersect along their diagonal axes—emerges as a novel geometric pattern unique to Timurid designs. This study presents these patterns as an integrated system, demonstrating how they harmonize calligraphy and geometry, offering a rare insight into the fusion of artistic and mathematical principles in Persianate architectural arts.

Sakkal, M. (2018). Intersecting squares: applied geometry in the architecture of Timurid Samarkand. Journal of Mathematics and the Arts, 12(2-3), 65–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/17513472.2018.1468178