L’epiteto οἰκουμενικός nelle firme nominali di ratifica dei patriarchi di Costantinopoli

A critical reassessment of Byzantine diplomatic practices reveals that the epithet 'οἰκουμενικός' (oikoumenikos) was not adopted by patriarchs of Constantinople during their Nicene exile, as previously believed. Instead, its first documented appearance in ratification signatures occurs only in the late Comnenian period, supported by newly examined original documents from the Archives of the Monastery of Saint John the Theologian on Patmos. This challenges long-standing scholarly consensus rooted in Vitalien Laurent's work and advances understanding of medieval ecclesiastical symbolism.

Pieralli, L. (2013). L’epiteto οἰκουμενικός nelle firme nominali di ratifica dei patriarchi di Costantinopoli. Scrineum Rivista, 213–230. https://doi.org/10.13128/scrineum-12152