Present day status and numerical modelling of heritage masonry bridges of Kalka-Shimla Mountain Railways

Heritage masonry bridges on the UNESCO-listed Kalka-Shimla Mountain Railways, constructed in 1905, exhibit measurable material degradation and seismic vulnerabilities. A study combining ambient vibration testing (AVT) with operational modal analysis (OMA) revealed discrepancies between field-measured modal parameters and initial numerical models, indicating structural changes likely due to aging or environmental factors. By refining these models through trial-and-error modal updation, researchers achieved a reliable representation of the bridges' current condition, providing critical insights for conservation efforts in seismic zone IV. This approach offers a novel method for assessing heritage structures without invasive testing.

Shimpi, V., Sivasubramanian, M. V. R., & Singh, S. B. (2022). Present day status and numerical modelling of heritage masonry bridges of Kalka-Shimla Mountain Railways. International Journal of Masonry Research and Innovation, 7(3), 266. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmri.2022.122516