Claustra Alpium Iuliarum - protecting late Roman Italy

The Claustra Alpium Iuliarum, a late Roman linear defense system, was strategically positioned to protect Italy from northeastern incursions. Unlike the Empire's outer borders, this structure was built within its territory along the Julian Alps, spanning from Croatia's northern Adriatic to Slovenia's Soča valley. It featured walls, towers, and fortresses, safeguarding a crucial via publica between Aquileia and Emona with multiple defense lines. The study integrates literary sources, numismatic evidence, and archaeological excavations, addressing chronological challenges in the construction of this late Roman defense structure.

Kos, P. (2013). Claustra Alpium Iuliarum - na straży Italii okresu późnorzymskiego. Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, (7), 233–261. https://doi.org/10.14746/seg.2013.7.12