Living conditions and coping strategy of coastal communities contribute to the environmental integrity at the world heritage site of Dungonab Bay Mukkawar Island Marine National Park at the Sudanese Red Sea coast

A study at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Dungonab Bay-Mukkawar Island Marine National Park (DMNP-WNH) reveals that extreme poverty and limited living conditions among coastal fishing communities contribute to the environmental integrity of the site. Households in Dungonab and Mohamed Gol villages face severe deprivation in basic amenities like water, electricity, education, and healthcare, with 82.9% to 91.2% of households spending more than they earn. This economic hardship restricts access to fishing grounds and limits population growth, thereby reducing the consumption of natural resources. The research highlights that improving living conditions—such as access to clean water, electricity, and livelihood diversification—could stimulate a sustainable blue economy while preserving the site's environment.

Osman, N. A. R., & Ibrahim, E. A. A. (2022). Living conditions and coping strategy of coastal communities contribute to the environmental integrity at the world heritage site of Dungonab Bay Mukkawar Island Marine National Park at the Sudanese Red Sea coast. Journal of Fisheries, 10(2), 102202. https://doi.org/10.17017/j.fish.352