Excavations in the Mamillah Area, Jerusalem: The Medieval Fortifications (pp. 125–152)

Recent excavations in the Mamillah Area, northwest of Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem's Old City, uncovered a medieval fortification line, including a wall and tower, constructed outside and parallel to the city's existing defenses. The structure featured a rock-cut lower section and an upper part built with stone set in grayish mortar, preserved only in its eastern segment. Archaeological findings, such as pottery from the Roman-Byzantine periods and the 12th–early 13th centuries CE, along with mason’s marks, coins, architectural fragments, and fresco remnants depicting religious motifs, suggest a post-Crusader origin and pre-Mamluk destruction. The fortification's dating was determined through stratigraphic analysis and artifact study, revealing its strategic significance during a transitional period in Jerusalem's history.

Reich, R., & Shukron, E. (2025). Excavations in the Mamillah Area, Jerusalem: The Medieval Fortifications (pp. 125–152). ’Atiqot, 54(1). https://doi.org/10.70967/2948-040x.1337