Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance Across New Zealand and Its Subantarctic Islands Detects H1N9 in Migratory Shorebirds, but Not 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1

A comprehensive avian influenza virus surveillance study across New Zealand and its subantarctic islands detected no presence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, a significant finding given the potential catastrophic impact on local wildlife. The study analyzed 700 wild aquatic birds from 33 species using metatranscriptomic techniques, focusing on the annual 2023-2024 migration period. While no H5N1 was found, a single detection of H1N9 in red knots (Calidris canutus) was noted. This research establishes a critical baseline for expanding avian influenza monitoring in New Zealand, providing valuable data to assess the risk and prepare for future outbreaks.

Waller, Stephanie J., Wierenga, Janelle R., Heremia, L., Darnley, Jessica A., de Vries, I., Dubrulle, J., Robinson, Z., Miller, Allison K., Niebuhr, Chris N., Melville, David S., Schuckard, R., Battley, Phil F., Wille, M., Alai, B., Cole, R., Cooper, J., Ellenberg, U., Elliott, G., Faulkner, J., et al. (2025). Avian Influenza Virus Surveillance Across New Zealand and Its Subantarctic Islands Detects H1N9 in Migratory Shorebirds, but Not 2.3.4.4b HPAI H5N1. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 19(4). Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.70099