Estrategia para la defensa y ubicación de las fortificaciones de la plaza fuerte de cartagena de indias en el siglo xviii a partir de condiciones océano-atmósfera y variaciones morfológicas en la línea de costa

A multitemporal analysis reveals that the strategic placement of Cartagena de Indias' 18th-century fortifications, including the Bocagrande submarine wall built in 1773, was significantly influenced by ocean-atmosphere conditions and coastal morphologic changes. The study leveraged modern space data coupling techniques to assess how these factors shaped military defense infrastructure during British threats. By examining cartography from the 1960s to present, researchers demonstrated that the Spanish Crown's decisions on fortification locations were closely tied to geomorphological shifts along Cartagena’s coastline, underscoring the interplay between historical military strategy and natural coastal evolution.

Gomez Pretel, W., & Carvajal Díaz, A. F. (2011). Estrategia para la defensa y ubicación de las fortificaciones de la plaza fuerte de cartagena de indias en el siglo xviii a partir de condiciones océano-atmósfera y variaciones morfológicas en la línea de costa. Saber, Ciencia Y Libertad, 6(2), 179–192. https://doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2011v6n2.2506