Governing complex linguistic diversity in Barcelona, Luxembourg and Riga

Complex linguistic diversity, where historical multilingualism interacts with recent migration patterns, creates rich cultural configurations in European cities. This study analyzes how local authorities in Barcelona, Luxembourg, and Riga address such diversity through public communication policies and inclusion strategies. It finds that effective governance must balance overcoming historical linguistic inequalities with fostering inclusive spaces for diverse citizens. The research employs a comparative approach, focusing on normative implications for multilingual urban environments.

Kraus, P. A., Climent‐Ferrando, V., Frank, M., & Garcia, N. (2020). Governing complex linguistic diversity in Barcelona, Luxembourg and Riga. Nations and Nationalism, 27(2), 449–466. Portico. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12662