Geleneksel Bürokrasi’nin İlk İzleri: Malatya Arslantepe

Archaeological excavations at Arslantepe Mound, located near Malatya in Turkey, have uncovered evidence suggesting the presence of one of the earliest bureaucratic systems, predating those found in ancient China and Egypt. The site, featuring a continuous settlement layer rising 30 meters above ground, reveals structures such as palatial buildings, storage facilities, and hieroglyphic seals, indicating organized economic and administrative practices. Artifacts including metal swords and figurines hint at a stratified society with a ruling elite, potentially linked to political and ceremonial functions. This discovery challenges traditional narratives on the origins of bureaucracy, proposing that its roots extend further back in history than previously believed.

Yılmaz, H. (2021). GELENEKSEL BÜROKRASİNİN İLK İZLERİ: MALATYA ARSLANTEPE. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 31(2), 795–806. https://doi.org/10.18069/firatsbed.907497