Structures of the Estate Layout of the 14th–First Half of the 16th Century in the Moscow Kremlin Based on the Excavations in the Great Garden

Archaeological excavations in the Great Garden of the Moscow Kremlin have revealed that the estate layout from the 14th to the first half of the 16th century was remarkably stable, with structures such as log-frame cellars and brick ovens remaining on the same site for centuries. The study found that most log frames were made of oak or young pine and spruce logs, which hindered reliable dendrochronological dating. Notably, a large cellar up to 5 meters deep appeared at the end of this period, possibly linked to the temporary court of Ivan III in the late 15th century. The compact arrangement of these structures suggests long-term stability in estate planning during this era.

Modin, R. N., & Koval, V. Yu. (2023). STRUCTURES OF THE ESTATE LAYOUT OF THE 14TH–FIRST HALF OF THE 16TH CENTURY IN THE MOSCOW KREMLIN BASED ON THE EXCAVATIONS IN THE GREAT GARDEN. Rossiiskaia Arkheologiia, (4), 116–131. https://doi.org/10.31857/s086960632304013x