An agent-based model to foster citizens’ sustainable behavior in the Italian city of Siena

Research reveals that the historical layout and connectivity of Siena, an Italian art city renowned for sustainability, paradoxically hinder the adoption of cooperative environmental behaviors among its citizens. Using a geo-referenced agent-based model (ABM) combined with game theory, the study simulates how pro-environmental attitudes spread in a population dominated by selfish individuals, incorporating herding and anti-herding dynamics. Findings suggest that while Siena's geographical features inherently promote sustainability, its urban structure limits collective action for environmental protection. This work highlights the complex interplay between urban design and citizen behavior in fostering sustainable practices.

Socci, V., Vitanza, E., & Mocenni, C. (2025). An agent-based model to foster citizens’ sustainable behavior in the Italian city of Siena. The European Physical Journal B, 98(4). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00910-9