Modeling the perception of walking environmental quality in a traffic-free tourist destination

Tourists' satisfaction with walking environmental quality at Kulangsu, a historic traffic-free international settlement, is significantly influenced by crowding and cleanliness—factors previously overlooked in academic literature. This study employed an ordered probit model to analyze pooled cross-sectional survey data collected during peak (October 2017) and off-peak (February 2018) tourist periods. Findings indicate that while Kulangsu's unique pedestrian-only environment fosters positive perceptions, improvements in managing crowd density and maintaining cleanliness are critical for enhancing overall satisfaction. The research provides actionable policy insights to balance tourism growth with environmental quality preservation at heritage sites.

Yang, L., Wang, X., Sun, G., & Li, Y. (2019). Modeling the perception of walking environmental quality in a traffic-free tourist destination. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(5), 608–623. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2019.1598534