Resilience Assessment of Traditional Villages Based on Cultural Ecosystem Services—An Empirical Study of the Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art World Heritage Area in China

Cultural ecosystem services are the cornerstone of social–ecological resilience in traditional villages, with their diversity and reinforcement directly shaping village resilience. A study of Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art World Heritage Area revealed that high-resilience villages benefit from robust cultural services and community rules, while low-resilience ones suffer service loss and weakened social ties. The research applied resilience theory, field investigations, interviews, questionnaires, and Delphi surveys to assess spatial variations in resilience. This work enriches resilience theory with cultural dimensions, offering a practical tool for heritage practitioners to transition from static preservation to dynamic, vibrant protection systems.

Lu, Y., Hasnan, L., & Teh, B. T. (2026). Resilience Assessment of Traditional Villages Based on Cultural Ecosystem Services—An Empirical Study of the Zuojiang Huashan Rock Art World Heritage Area in China. Sustainability, 18(6), 2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18062845