Identifying the Role of Physical Elements in Forming Citizens’ Mental Maps of Urban Environments Case Study: Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Isfahan

A key insight from this study is that functional elements and their diversity are the most significant factors in shaping citizens' mental maps of urban environments, as demonstrated by Naqsh-e Jahan Square in Isfahan. The research analyzed visual perceptions by having participants draw cognitive maps of the square, revealing that functional elements dominated these mental representations, followed by structural elements like domes and columns, and then smaller architectural tools such as fountains. This finding underscores the importance of functionality in urban planning and spatial design, offering valuable implications for enhancing the spatial organization and appearance of urban environments.

Soltanzadeh Zarandi, M., & Baghlani, V. (2026). Identifying the Role of Physical Elements in Forming Citizens’ Mental Maps of Urban Environments Case Study: Naqsh-e Jahan Square, Isfahan. Hoviatshahr, 19(4), 51. https://doi.org/10.71793/HOVIATSHAHR.2026.1213088