A Dual Measurement System: Standardization and Architectural Planning in Xochicalco

Research at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Xochicalco reveals a dual measurement system used during its Epiclassic period, featuring two primary units: U7 (1.47 m) and U8 (1.68 m). These units show striking similarities to the Mayan zapal and Nahua maitl, suggesting shared Mesoamerican measurement traditions. The study identified patterns in their application, linking them to structural orientation, functionality, and construction techniques, indicating meticulous planning with potential symbolic significance. Multiples of three, four, nine, and twelve times these base units imply the use of standardized tools, offering new insights into Mesoamerican architectural practices and cultural interactions.

Lucet, G., & Alvarado-León, C. I. (2025). A Dual Measurement System: Standardization and Architectural Planning in Xochicalco. Ancient Mesoamerica, 36(1), 123–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956536125000100