First nesting account and breeding biology of “Gould's Inca” ( Coeligena torquata omissa ) in Manu National Park, Peru

Researchers document the first detailed nesting biology of Gould's Inca (Coeligena torquata omissa), a highland Andean hummingbird, within Manu National Park, Peru. The study reveals unique adaptations for breeding at altitudes of 2,200–3,000 meters, including rapid nest warming in cold mornings and high attentiveness to incubation, with the focal bird making up to 27 morning trips per day. Nests were found to be small, mossy cup structures lined with red fern scales, placed higher than previously observed for this species. The study also highlights differences in egg size and nest substrate compared to other Gould's Inca subspecies, while confirming similarities in nesting strategies.

Baldwin, J. W., & Londoño, G. A. (2016). First nesting account and breeding biology of “Gould’s Inca” ( Coeligena torquata omissa ) in Manu National Park, Peru. The Wilson Journal of Ornithology, 128(3), 606–618. https://doi.org/10.1676/1559-4491-128.3.606