Western Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus

Chimpanzees in Niokolo-Koba National Park, Senegal, exhibit higher levels of physical violence compared to those in more forested habitats like Toro-Semliki. This study highlights significant differences in aggression patterns, with Assirik chimpanzees showing damaged ears and fingers due to fighting, while Semliki chimpanzees remain largely unscarred. The research also notes unique territorial behaviors, including occasional bivouacs and mass migrations during the dry season, which are more pronounced in this hot, dry environment. These findings suggest that environmental factors may influence social dynamics and aggression in western chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes verus).

Ferguson, R. B. (2023). Western Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus. Chimpanzees, War, and History, 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197506752.003.0020