Avalanche Susceptibility Mapping of Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal Using GIS-based MCDA–AHP

Approximately 40% of Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal is highly susceptible to avalanches, according to a new study using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis-Analytical Hierarchical Process (MCDA-AHP). This finding reveals that susceptibility extends beyond perennial snow-capped regions to include low-lying areas with seasonal snowfall. The research validated its model by mapping recorded avalanche incidents, showing an 80% overlap with high and very high susceptibility zones. By leveraging Aster GDEM and High Mountain Asia (HMA) snow cover data, the study provides a critical tool for risk assessment in one of Nepal's most iconic regions, where avalanches pose significant hazards year-round.

Kafle, A., Kaphle, B., & Pokhrel, M. (2026). Avalanche Susceptibility Mapping of Sagarmatha National Park in Nepal Using GIS-based MCDA–AHP. Journal of Engineering Issues and Solutions, 5(2), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.3126/joeis.v5i2.97802