The medieval bronze doors of San Zeno, Verona: combining material analyses and art history

Scientific analysis confirms that the medieval bronze doors of San Zeno, Verona, were crafted by at least two distinct workshops during the 12th century. Using non-invasive techniques—portable ED-XRF spectroscopy and optical microscopy—the study identified distinct alloy compositions in the metal plates, aligning with art historical interpretations. The doors, primarily composed of leaded tin-bronze and leaded brass, are mounted on a wooden structure made mainly of spruce and oak. High-resolution orthophotos and 3D models further documented their construction. This research bridges material science and art history, providing empirical support for stylistic analyses while advancing our understanding of medieval metallurgy.

Mödlinger, M., Bontadi, J., Fellin, M., Fera, M., Negri, M., Utz, J., & Ghiara, G. (2024). The medieval bronze doors of San Zeno, Verona: combining material analyses and art history. Heritage Science, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-024-01143-2