D efenders of L iberty : The Congos and the Question of African Agency in the Haitian Revolution

A critical re-evaluation of the Haitian Revolution reveals that African-led resistance, particularly by the 'Congos' under Sans-Souci, was pivotal to the revolution's continuity and ideological foundation. Despite post-revolution historiography favoring Creole and mixed-race leaders, this study highlights the agency and tactical prowess of African forces, who refused to capitulate to French forces in 1802. The research challenges dominant narratives by analyzing military strategies, political ideologies, and the long-term consequences of Sans-Souci's assassination, which marked a discursive shift that marginalized African contributions. The study employs archival analysis and historical discourse examination to uncover this overlooked dimension of revolutionary agency.

Mobley, C. (2024). Defenders of Liberty: The Congos and the Question of African Agency in the Haitian Revolution. The Americas, 81(2), 275–284. https://doi.org/10.1017/tam.2023.87