Remote sensing of climate change, long-term monitoring of air pollution and stone material corrosion in Estonia

Despite declining air pollution levels in Estonia, research indicates no significant reduction in the corrosion of limestone materials, including those found in UNESCO World Heritage Sites such as Tallinn's Old Town. A study analyzing data from 2005–2006 and comparing it to earlier periods (1987–2003) revealed that limestone corrosion loss actually increased during this time. This unexpected finding suggests that factors beyond air pollution, such as changing environmental conditions or variations in material quality—like the use of Portland limestone—may play a significant role in material degradation. The research, part of the International Cooperative Programme on Effects on Materials (ICP Materials), employed long-term monitoring techniques to assess the impact of climate change and air pollution on historical and cultural monuments.

Roots, O. O., Roose, A., & Eerme, K. (2011). Remote sensing of climate change, long-term monitoring of air pollution and stone material corrosion in Estonia. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 32(24), 9691–9705. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2011.574163