Sphragistics of the Parthian Periphery

A comparative analysis of seal impressions from Parthian Fortresses, including Old Nisa (Parthia's ancient capital) and neighboring sites such as Artashat (Armenia), Göbekly-depe (Margiana), and Gabala (Azerbaijan), reveals distinct regional variations in the depiction of Greek-Roman and Iranian motifs. While Armenian seals predominantly feature Hellenistic imagery, with some Iranian influences, Old Nisa shows a balanced representation of both traditions. In contrast, Göbekly-depe's seals are overwhelmingly Iranian, while Gabala exhibits a mix, suggesting local Eastern traditions with occasional Greek-Roman elements. This study highlights the cultural dynamics and regional identity in Parthian peripheral areas through sphragistics (the study of seals).

Гаибов, В. А., & Никитин, А. Б. (2023). SPHRAGISTICS OF THE PARTHIAN PERIPHERY. Hypanis. Труды Отдела Классической Археологии ИА РАН, 109–115. https://doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-324-4.109-115