Parabrahman symbolism and the majesty of Prambanan Temple: Analyze its role in global Hindu traditions

Research reveals that Tantrāyāna in Nusantara (Indonesian archipelago) evolved through dynamic, cross-traditional processes rather than as a static system. The study demonstrates its deep integration with Śaiva–Buddhist traditions, shaping material and cultural legacies of Hindu–Buddhist kingdoms from the Śailendra to Majapahit periods. Key findings highlight Bali's role in localizing Tantric teachings, influenced by figures like Dang Hyang Nirarta and Dang Hyang Astapaka, which underpinned Balinese Hinduism. The research employs qualitative methods, analyzing texts, inscriptions, and monuments, challenging the notion of passive adoption from South Asia. Instead, it frames Tantrism's development as a creative, dialogical process intertwined with spiritual experience, political power, and local cosmology.

Pareek, A., Bhuwan Kumar Jha, Widiasih, N. N. S., & Tina Manandhar. (2026). Parabrahman symbolism and the majesty of Prambanan Temple: Analyze its role in global Hindu traditions. Dharmakirti : International Journal of Religion, Mind and Science, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.61511/ijroms.v3i2.2026.3683