A Study on Cultural and Environmental Basics at Formal Elements of Persian Gardens (before & after Islam)

Persian gardens, both pre-Islamic and Islamic, embody enduring cultural and environmental principles that have remained consistent despite historical changes. The study identifies these core elements—rooted in ancient Iranian culture and beliefs—as foundational to garden design, maintaining their significance through material and structural evolution. By analyzing cultural-environmental criteria unique to Iran, the research reveals how Persian gardens represent an idealized perfection of architectural principles, blending tradition with innovation. This approach underscores the resilience of these principles, offering insights for architects and historians alike.

SHahidi, M., Bemanian, M. R., Almasifar, N., & Okhovat, H. (2010). A Study on Cultural and Environmental Basics at Formal Elements of Persian Gardens (before & after Islam). Asian Culture and History, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/ach.v2n2p133