Accessible cities, ‘permeable’ urban walls. Experiences of accessibility to fortified heritage between Italy and Spain

City walls, once symbols of division and impermeability, can be transformed into 'permeable' spaces that redefine the relationship between historic centers and their surroundings. This study highlights how intact urban fortifications offer new perspectives on the city-palimpsest, acting as filters that enhance both physical and cognitive accessibility. Focusing on Italian and Spanish contexts, it investigates design strategies aimed at improving access to these fragile heritage sites, reflecting on restoration and architectural approaches. By analyzing published sources and recent experiences, the research explores operational methods and outcomes, providing insights into the challenges and potential of making fortified heritage more inclusive and dynamic.

Festa, A. (2026). Accessible cities, ‘permeable’ urban walls. Experiences of accessibility to fortified heritage between Italy and Spain. PROCEEDINGS of the International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast FORTMED 2026. Vol. 23. https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2026.2026.21412