The Chemical and Structural Peculiarities of the Kazan Khanate Cast-Iron Cookware in the 14th–15th Centuries

Research on cast-iron cookware fragments from the Kazan Kremlin, dating to the 14th–15th centuries, reveals diverse technological and chemical compositions, including both pro-Bolgar samples and those distinct from Bolgar. Using scanning electron microscopy and optical emission spectroscopy, scientists analyzed micro-trace elements in Kazan, Bolgar, and Juketaw cast-iron, identifying potential markers of iron ore sources in the Volga region. This finding suggests a link between iron foundry traditions across the Middle Volga during the Golden Horde period, offering new insights into the spread and continuity of metallurgical practices in the region.

Shaykhutdinova, E. F., Khramchenkova, R. K., Vladimirovich, B. A., Sitdikov, A. G., Orazov, D., Ilyasova, A. M., & Yanbaev, R. M. (2019). The Chemical and Structural Peculiarities of the Kazan Khanate Cast-Iron Cookware in the 14th–15th Centuries. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 16(11), 4534–4539. https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2019.8349