World Heritage as a subject of rights: A Hohfeldian analysis of Old Rauma

World Heritage Sites face significant threats from climate change, pandemics, and conflicts, yet legal frameworks often fail to adequately address these risks. This study applies a Hohfeldian analysis—a human rights perspective combined with Nordic legal principles—to examine the vulnerabilities of Old Rauma, a Finnish World Heritage Site. It argues that current legal mechanisms lack resilience, leaving cultural heritage exposed in capital-centric societies. The research highlights the need for adaptive legal frameworks, such as the Nordic right to roam, to mitigate conflicts and safeguard heritage for future generations.

Lehtinen, S. S. (2022). World Heritage as a subject of rights: A Hohfeldian analysis of Old Rauma. Leiden Journal of International Law, 35(4), 761–778. https://doi.org/10.1017/s092215652200053x