3D structural model and kinematic interpretation of the Panixer Pass Transverse Zone (Infrahelvetic Complex, eastern Switzerland)

A groundbreaking 3D structural model of the Panixer Pass Transverse Zone in eastern Switzerland reveals that the SSE-trending Crena-Martin Fold, a key feature of the Infrahelvetic Complex, was formed by multiple lateral ramps and fault-bend folds during an early thrust-dominated deformation phase (Cavistrau Phase). Contrary to previous hypotheses, this study demonstrates that ENE-WSW-directed shortening did not play a role in its formation. The model also shows that the final geometry of the zone resulted from a low-angle dextral strike-slip fault cutting across it. Field data indicates continuous NNW-directed shearing and transport, except for an early phase of north-directed shearing linked to foliation development in the Helvetic Nappes. This kinematic block model integrates seamlessly with established deformation sequences, providing a comprehensive understanding of the region's complex tectonic evolution.

von Däniken, P. A., & Frehner, M. (2016). 3D structural model and kinematic interpretation of the Panixer Pass Transverse Zone (Infrahelvetic Complex, eastern Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences, 110(2), 653–675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-016-0230-7