Identifying fine-scale archaeological features using KH-9 HEXAGON mapping and panoramic camera images: evidence from Liangzhu Ancient City

A novel analytical framework leveraging declassified KH-9 HEXAGON satellite images successfully identified fine-scale archaeological features at Liangzhu Ancient City. The approach combines image pre-processing techniques—including stationary wavelet transform (SWT) for noise reduction and multi-resolution Top-hat (MTH) for contrast optimization—and feature identification methods like spatial colour composite write function memory (SCCWFM) and spatial novelty detection (SND). These techniques enhanced the visibility of archaeological structures in subtropical, heterogeneous landscapes, overcoming challenges posed by noise, contrast distortion, and single-band limitations. The framework also generated ultra-fine 3D color composites and digital surface models, aiding interpretation. This study demonstrates the potential for KH-9 images to significantly advance archaeological research, particularly for sites with complex environmental conditions.

Shahtahmassebi, A. R., Shahtahmassebi, G., Moore, N., & Atkinson, P. M. (2024). Identifying fine-scale archaeological features using KH-9 HEXAGON mapping and panoramic camera images: evidence from Liangzhu Ancient City. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 45(16), 5544–5576. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2024.2377836