Shifting Sustainable Mobility Agendas in Graz (Austria) and Hangzhou (China): The Multi-Level Process From Livable to Smart Cities

Sustainable urban mobility agendas in Graz, Austria, and Hangzhou, China, exhibit both global similarities and local divergences despite shared conceptual and technological frameworks. Over a 30-year period, the study reveals how these cities adapted their approaches to sustainable mobility, transitioning from 'livable' to 'smart city' paradigms. Using multi-level governance theory, the research identifies key differences in policy framing and implementation, offering insights for future comparative studies. The findings underscore the dynamic nature of urban sustainability efforts, shaped by local contexts and global influences.

(Ed.). (2023). Shifting Sustainable Mobility Agendas in Graz (Austria) and Hangzhou (China): The Multi-Level Process From Livable to Smart Cities. CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.7454/jid.v6.i1.1077