The collapse of empire at Gordion in the transition from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic world

Gordion, once a thriving capital of Phrygia under the Achaemenid Persian Empire (ca 550–333 BC), experienced profound socio-economic and cultural shifts following Alexander's conquest. The collapse of the Achaemenid administrative infrastructure led to a significant population decline, dramatic changes in architectural organization, and new trade and cultural interactions. Recent archaeological evaluations of Gordion’s architecture, finds, and landscape use reveal how the site adapted to these historical upheavals during the transition from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic period.

Dusinberre, E. R. M. (2019). The collapse of empire at Gordion in the transition from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic world. Anatolian Studies, 69, 109–132. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0066154619000073