Shell bead crafting at Greater Cahokia

Archaeological analysis of shell bead workshops at Greater Cahokia reveals the existence of full-time craft specialists who dedicated significant time to producing standardized beads. The study differentiates between columella and disk bead production by examining tool marks on shells, suggesting perishable drill tips were used. Evidence indicates that Mississippian people undertook extensive expeditions, traveling hundreds of miles to source lightning whelk shells from the Gulf of Mexico, underscoring the cultural and economic importance of these artifacts. Beyond their material value, shell beads played a ritualistic role, aiding souls in transitions during liminal situations such as death.

Kozuch, L. (2021). Shell bead crafting at Greater Cahokia. North American Archaeologist, 43(1), 64–94. https://doi.org/10.1177/01976931211048205