Dynamics of Sundarban estuarine ecosystem: eutrophication induced threat to mangroves

Eutrophication poses a significant threat to the Sundarbans, the world's largest mangrove forest and only tiger habitat. A 2010 study revealed that high nutrient levels, particularly during winter, led to eutrophic conditions (Chlorophyll-a ≥10 μg/L), which negatively impacted phytoplankton biomass and species diversity. The research identified diatoms as the dominant phytoplankton group, with 46 taxa recorded across six groups. Key findings included the presence of bio-indicator species such as Polykrikos schwartzil and Dinophysis norvegica, signaling moderately polluted water quality. The study also highlighted that high salinity levels (21.2PSU) in May favored more resilient phytoplankton species. These insights underscore the deteriorating marine status of the Sundarban estuary, which threatens the ecology of this UNESCO World Heritage Site and raises concerns about the sustainability of its mangroves.

Manna, S., Chaudhuri, K., Bhattacharyya, S., & Bhattacharyya, M. (2010). Dynamics of Sundarban estuarine ecosystem: eutrophication induced threat to mangroves. Saline Systems, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-1448-6-8