World Heritage Research: Search

Publications

Showing 25361 – 25380 of 30315 publications

Restoration and Conservation of a Model of Archaeological Glass Objects Used for Medical Purposes. Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo: (Applied Study)

Historic Cairo — 2014 — WHEFCDD0BC033

A model of archaeological glass used for medical purposes, housed in the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo, was successfully restored using advanced cleaning and supporting techniques. This study highlights the importance of preserving such objects, which carry significant historical, artistic, humanitarian, and religious value. The research employed a preliminary experimental approach to determine the most effective methods for conservation, ensuring the longevity of these culturally rich artifacts.

Restrictions on use of the land in the buffer zone of Iguaçu National Park - Parana

Iguaçu National Park — 2014 — WHEE341ED5DE4

A study of 42 agricultural properties near Iguaçu National Park, Brazil, found that while farmers complied with environmental legislation and the park's management plan—particularly regarding the minimum distance for cultivating genetically modified crops—they expressed significant dissatisfaction due to economic losses from land-use restrictions. The research, conducted between 2010 and 2011, interviewed farmers to assess compliance with regulations and their perceptions of these measures. The findings highlight a tension between conservation goals and agricultural livelihoods in buffer zones of protected areas.

Rethinking authenticity in the implementation of China's heritage conservation: the case of Hongcun Village

Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui – Xidi and Hongcun — 2014 — WHE6C8A28A593

Hongcun Village's heritage conservation efforts reflect the challenges of applying Western-derived authenticity principles to local cultural contexts, often leading to unintended consequences. The study reveals that current practices prioritize material and static preservation, neglecting non-material heritage like local crafts and folk arts. Using social constructionism theory, it highlights how power dynamics shape these processes, advocating for greater integration of local voices to align conservation goals with authentic community needs.

Review of 'The Scottish Town in the Age of the Enlightenment 1740-1820'

Old and New Towns of Edinburgh — 2014 — WHE12FC549F34

A comprehensive review highlights the significance of Edinburgh's urban development during the Scottish Enlightenment (1740–1820), challenging the historical neglect of Scottish towns in favor of English counterparts. The study, a collaborative effort led by architectural historian Charles McKean and continued by Bob Harris with contributions from research assistants, draws on extensive, previously underutilized local and regional sources to reconstruct the social, cultural, and architectural evolution of Scottish towns. It argues that Edinburgh's preservation of its classical heritage—later recognized by UNESCO World Heritage status—was pivotal in conserving similar urban landscapes across Europe, including Bath and Dublin. The work also emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches, blending urban history with architectural studies and conservation movements, setting a precedent for future research on Scottish urbanization.

Review of a Large-Scale Pacific Rat Eradication Attempt from an Uninhabited World Heritage Site: Project Approach, Lessons Learnt, and Future Directions

Henderson Island — 2014 — WHE8B21BE40A3

A large-scale attempt to eradicate Pacific rats from Henderson Island, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and near-pristine raised coralline atoll in the South Pacific, failed despite extensive planning and international collaboration. The operation, led by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and the Government of the Pitcairn Islands, involved a GBP£1.5m aerial bait dispersal in 2011 but resulted in rat sightings seven months later. Independent reviews identified gaps in planning and execution, emphasizing the need for rigorous yet flexible strategies that integrate international expertise with local knowledge. The study underscores the critical role of rat eradication in preserving the island's Outstanding Universal Value, particularly for the endangered Henderson petrel, and offers lessons for future conservation efforts on similar islands worldwide.

Review of Apanteles sensu stricto (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, with keys to all described species from Mesoamerica

Area de Conservación Guanacaste — 2014 — WHE138C73AC74

A groundbreaking study from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) in Costa Rica reveals the extraordinary diversity of Apanteles wasps, a critical group of caterpillar parasitoids. Researchers identified 186 new species and redefined the genus Apanteles sensu stricto, providing keys to all 205 described species from Mesoamerica. This work leverages a unique dataset of over half a million Lepidoptera caterpillars reared for their parasitoids, combining traditional taxonomy with molecular techniques like DNA barcoding and interactive software (Lucid 3.5) to distinguish cryptic species. The study also highlights the host preferences of these wasps, with about 90% exhibiting monophagous or oligophagous behavior, attacking primarily Hesperiidae, Elachistidae, and Crambidae caterpillars. This comprehensive review accelerates the understanding of hyperdiverse parasitoid groups and their ecological roles.

Review of the 35th Annual Conference of the Theoretical Archaeology Group, TAG 2013

Megalithic Temples of Malta — 2014 — WHE0028ADF137

The 35th Annual Conference of the Theoretical Archaeology Group (TAG 2013) highlighted significant advancements in archaeoastronomy, demonstrating its growing integration with archaeological research. The conference emphasized a '3-scape' approach—combining land, sea, and sky—to understand coastal societies, exemplified by studies on Malta's megalithic temples and Welsh dolmens. Presentations showcased how astronomical orientations align with site-specific archaeology, moving beyond precision alignments to incorporate material culture. A multidisciplinary approach, particularly at Stonehenge, was noted for its effectiveness. The conference also reflected the evolving nature of archaeology, with diverse specializations and a renewed embrace of the sky as an integral element in archaeological studies.

Review of the Neotropical genus Prasmodon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on species from Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica

Area de Conservación Guanacaste — 2014 — WHE12D771A13D

A comprehensive review of the Neotropical genus Prasmodon (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) reveals 16 newly described species, significantly advancing the taxonomy of this group. The study, focusing on specimens from Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica but encompassing broader Neotropical distributions, identifies leaf-rolling and webbing caterpillars of Crambidae and Elachistidae as their sole known hosts. The research integrates morphological analysis with a broad geographic scope, highlighting the genus's highest diversity in the Amazon basin while extending its range across Central and South American rainforests. This work provides critical insights into the biodiversity and ecological roles of Prasmodon parasitoids, contributing to our understanding of Neotropical insect communities.

Review: The White City—Tel Aviv’s Modern Movement

White City of Tel-Aviv – the Modern Movement — 2014 — WHE076285A45C

Tel Aviv's urban development, recognized as the White City of Tel-Aviv – the Modern Movement, stands out for its unique implementation of Patrick Geddes' 1925 master plan, blending Garden City ideology with a compact layout and traditional city center functions. This plan featured repeated yet varied urban blocks, low building heights, hierarchical street spaces, lush vegetation, and public piazzas—principles that were largely realized in Tel Aviv, making it Geddes' only fully implemented city master plan. Despite Geddes' hope for eclecticism, the architecture evolved into a distinct modern movement, characterized by International Style and Bauhaus influences, contributing to its UNESCO World Heritage status.

Review: Transforming the Frontier: Peace Parks and the Politics of Neoliberal Conservation in Southern Africa

Maloti-Drakensberg Park — 2014 — WHE20393C1C17

Neoliberal conservation efforts, such as transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs), often exacerbate socioeconomic inequalities they aim to address. Bram Büscher's study of the Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Park (MDTP) reveals that while TFCAs promise biodiversity conservation and economic development through ecotourism, their implementation reinforces existing power imbalances and neoliberal capitalist globalization. The research employs critical political ecology and ethnographic methods to analyze the MDTP's twin objectives: conserving globally significant biodiversity and fostering socioeconomic development. Büscher argues that the TFCA narrative serves as a tool for legitimizing neoliberal conservation, often prioritizing consensus-building over tangible outcomes. Despite limited resistance, the study highlights the structural challenges in achieving equitable and effective conservation strategies.

Revision of endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae, Coreopsideae)

Te Henua Enata – The Marquesas Islands — 2014 — WHE334732E3A1

A taxonomic revision of the endemic Marquesas Islands Bidens (Asteraceae) identifies four new species—Bidens woodii, B. microcephala, B. evapelliana, and B. wichmanii—and reclassifies two previously described names as synonyms under B. polycephala. The study, based on field collections across the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), highlights significant biodiversity in this UNESCO-listed region, particularly on understudied islands like Fatu Hiva. It also documents the broad distribution and morphological variation of B. polycephala, found across five islands. This work contributes to the understanding of Marquesan flora, supporting conservation efforts for one of the world's most remote and biologically diverse archipelagos.

Revision of the genus Histeromorphus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Socotra Archipelago with descriptions of three new species*

Socotra Archipelago — 2014 — WHE426F80711A

A taxonomic revision of the genus Histeromorphus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) from the Socotra Archipelago identifies three new species, significantly expanding the known biodiversity of this unique island group. The study, published in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, provides detailed morphological descriptions and keys for identification, contributing to the understanding of beetle diversity in one of the world's most biodiverse hotspots. The research employs traditional taxonomic methods, including morphological analysis, to distinguish these species, which are notable for their restricted distribution and potential endemism to Socotra. This work underscores the importance of Socotra as a global biodiversity priority, with implications for conservation efforts in this UNESCO-listed site.

Revision of the genus Pseudapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae), with emphasis on the species in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica

Area de Conservación Guanacaste — 2014 — WHEA95278C0A5

A comprehensive taxonomic revision of the parasitoid wasp genus Pseudapanteles (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reveals 25 new species from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica, bringing the total known species to 36. The study introduces three new species-groups and provides a key for identification, along with detailed descriptions and illustrations generated by Lucid 3.5 software. DNA barcoding data for 83% of the species offers a foundation for future phylogenetic studies. Most Pseudapanteles species are solitary parasitoids of small Lepidoptera caterpillars, though host records remain limited to only 25% of species. The research also clarifies taxonomic ambiguities by designating lectotypes and reclassifying two previously described species.

Revision of the New World species of Houghia Coquillett (Diptera, Tachinidae) reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica

Area de Conservación Guanacaste — 2014 — WHE2AFACA9B81

A groundbreaking revision of the New World species of Houghia Coquillett (Tachinidae) identifies 35 species, including 34 new ones, all reared from caterpillars in Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), Costa Rica. This study integrates morphological, life history, and molecular data with photographic documentation to provide a comprehensive description of each species. Additionally, it proposes 19 new synonyms for previously described genera and 35 new combinations, clarifying the taxonomy of this group. Lectotypes are designated for ten valid species, stabilizing nomenclature. The research significantly advances our understanding of biodiversity in ACG by revealing the rich diversity of parasitic flies associated with caterpillars.

Ripensando il paesaggio: il Cimitero nel Bosco di Ewrik Gunnar Asplund e Sigurd Lewerentz

Skogskyrkogården — 2014 — WHE6536089B20

Skogskyrkogården, the Forest Cemetery in Stockholm, redefines the relationship between architecture and landscape, marking a significant shift from traditional scenographic approaches. Designed by Erik Gunnar Asplund and Sigurd Lewerentz between 1915 and 1940, this UNESCO World Heritage Site challenges conventional notions of landscape by integrating architectural elements with natural surroundings in an innovative, site-responsive manner. The study traces the evolution of their design process, revealing how the cemetery's compositional approach transforms both the physical space and the conceptual understanding of landscape. By analyzing the project's development phases, the research highlights its pioneering role in Scandinavian 20th-century landscape architecture.

Rising waters: New geoarchaeological evidence of inundation and early agriculture from former settlement sites on the southern Yangtze Delta, China

Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City — 2014 — WHE753D877DB6

New geoarchaeological evidence from the southern Yangtze Delta reveals that at least two major inundation episodes—one saline (c. 7200–5700 cal. yr BP) linked to post-glacial sea-level rise, and another freshwater event (c. 4700 cal. yr BP) driven by extreme precipitation—profoundly shaped Neolithic settlement patterns and agricultural practices. These findings, derived from pollen, phytolith, charcoal, and diatom data from 14 C AMS-dated sediments across three former occupation sites (Liangzhu, Majiabang, and Chuodun), demonstrate how hydrological changes influenced early food production systems. Human responses included increased reliance on agriculture, migration to more stable locations, and potential adoption of flood defense technologies, suggesting adaptive strategies in the face of environmental pressures.

Risk Factors for Active Trachoma and Ocular Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Treatment-Naïve Trachoma-Hyperendemic Communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau

Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagós Archipelago – Omatí Minhô — 2014 — WHEFE60551349

In the hyperendemic trachoma communities of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea Bissau, active trachoma and Chlamydia trachomatis infection are strongly linked to young age (1-9 years), male gender, ocular and nasal discharge, household water source type, and fly presence around latrines. This remote island environment presents unique risk factors, including hygiene behaviors and water usage, which differ from typical trachoma-endemic settings. The study, conducted through a population-based survey of 1507 participants across four islands, used WHO grading systems and PCR testing to identify these associations, highlighting the need for targeted environmental measures in trachoma control strategies.

Ritorno alla terra: problematiche legate all’accesso alla terra

Historic Centre of Florence — 2014 — WHE2484E2CC09

A significant challenge to peasant agriculture's viability in scenic and urban-proximate areas, such as Florence and its Chianti region, is the dwindling accessibility of land. This study highlights how the 'return to earth' movement faces obstacles due to limited availability of agricultural lots for sale or rent, as well as financial barriers preventing potential farmers from acquiring and managing land. By comparing local circumstances and regulations, the research underscores the tension between traditional rural structures and modern neo-rural practices, offering insights into the complexities of land access in UNESCO World Heritage Sites like Florence's Historic Centre.

Ritratti di Leptis Magna: modelli, produzione, contesto tra la dinastia flavia e gli Antonini

Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna — 2014 — WHE2DC6AF29AE

Marble portraits from Leptis Magna, spanning the Flavian to Antonine periods (1st–2nd century AD), reveal distinct stylistic traits shaped by Roman influence and local craftsmanship. Analysis shows a shift from Graeco-Alexandrine traditions—filtered through Cyrene—to dominant Roman models, with growing Eastern Mediterranean inputs, particularly from Asia Minor. Portraits, displayed in public spaces like the Old Forum and Serapeum, served as tools for social prestige, honoring imperial figures, civic elites, and benefactors while reflecting political aspirations and economic prosperity. A notable female portrait from the Serapeum exemplifies Asiatic stylistic influence, underscoring the site's evolving artistic identity during its peak stability.

Rivers of Gold, Lives of Bondage

Port, Fortresses and Group of Monuments, Cartagena — 2014 — WHEBA8B514189

Enslaved Africans were pivotal to the expansion of Spanish imperial power and the colonization of the Americas, particularly in the Kingdom of Quito. This study reveals that slavery was not merely a system of labor but a fundamental dimension of governance, with enslaved individuals serving as symbols of royal authority through branding and Catholic baptism. By tracing their journey from Cartagena to Quito, the research demonstrates how these captives formed communal bonds, challenged their conditions, and integrated into a slave-based Catholic society. The crown's regulation of slavery extended its sovereignty over territories, resources, and markets, while also shaping colonial subjecthood. This work expands the diaspora paradigm beyond the Atlantic, offering new perspectives on the nature of slavery in the Afro-Andes during the early modern period.